如何取舍、平衡？
三元悖论
三元悖论是国际金融学中的原则，指一个国家不可能同时完成下列三者：
- 资本自由进出（Capital mobility）
- 固定汇率（Exchange rate）
- 独立自主的货币政策（Monetary policy）
RUM猜想
RUM猜想来自论文“Designing Access Methods: The RUM Conjecture”（Manos Athanassoulis et al.(2016)），同时被SIGMOD和EDBT收录。它说的是，对任何数据结构来说，在Read Overhead（读）、Update Overhead（写） 和 Memory or Storage Overhead（存储） 中，同时优化两项时，需要以另一项劣化作为代价。
CAP
GC
- Throughput represents the amount of work that can be done in a given time unit. In terms of this discussion, a garbage collection algorithm that performs more collection work per time unit is preferable, allowing higher throughput of the Java application.
- Latency gives an indication of how long a single operation of the application takes. A garbage collection algorithm focused on latency tries to minimize impacting latency. In the context of a GC, the key concerns are whether its operation induces pauses, the extent of any pauses, and how long the pauses may be.
- Memory footprint in the context of a GC means how much extra memory beyond the application’s Java heap memory usage the GC needs for proper operation. Data used purely for the management of the Java heap takes away from the application; if the amount of memory the GC (or, more generally, the JVM) uses is less, more memory can be provided to the application’s Java heap.
Java garbage collection_ The 10-release evolution from JDK 8 to JDK 18
